Macaulay (surname)

Macaulay is a Scottish surname derived from the Gaelic "Mac Amhalghaidh," meaning "son of Amhalghadh." Amhalghadh is an old personal name of uncertain origin, though often associated with the Gaelic word for "industrious" or "studious." The surname is historically associated with the Clan Macaulay, which had branches in both Lewis and Ardincaple.

The Clan Macaulay of Lewis, also known as the Macaulays of Uig, were historically associated with the Isle of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides. They claimed descent from Olaf the Black, a 13th-century King of Mann and the Isles. This branch declined in power and influence over time.

The Clan Macaulay of Ardincaple were based in the Ardincaple area of Dunbartonshire. They claimed descent from the ancient Earls of Lennox. This branch was officially recognised by the Lord Lyon King of Arms as a clan.

Notable individuals with the surname Macaulay include:

• Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay (1800-1859): A British historian, Whig politician, and essayist. He is best known for his History of England.
• Dame Rose Macaulay (1881-1958): An English writer, best known for her novels and essays.
• Zachary Macaulay (1768-1838): A Scottish abolitionist, governor of Sierra Leone, and father of Thomas Babington Macaulay.