USS Essex (1799)

The USS Essex was a 36-gun frigate of the United States Navy, authorized in 1798 as one of the original six frigates. She was built by Enos Briggs, launched on September 30, 1799, and commissioned on December 17, 1799, with Captain Richard Dale in command.

Essex saw extensive service during the Quasi-War with France, the First Barbary War, and the War of 1812. During the Quasi-War, she patrolled the Caribbean, protecting American merchant ships from French privateers.

In the First Barbary War, Essex played a crucial role in blockading Tripoli and participating in various naval engagements.

During the War of 1812, under the command of Captain David Porter, Essex embarked on a highly successful but ultimately tragic raiding voyage into the Pacific Ocean. She captured numerous British whaling ships and commerce raiders, significantly disrupting British trade in the region. Essex even claimed Nukuhiva Island (Marquesas Islands) for the United States, naming it Madison Island.

However, in March 1814, Essex was trapped in Valparaíso, Chile, by the British frigate HMS Phoebe and the sloop HMS Cherub. After a fierce battle, Essex was forced to surrender to the superior British firepower.

The captured Essex was taken into the Royal Navy as HMS Essex. She was later sold in 1837. Essex's story is one of both success and defeat, demonstrating the challenges faced by the young United States Navy during its early years.