Méreau (token)

A méreau (plural méreaux) is a type of token or jeton, often made of metal (typically lead, bronze, or copper), but sometimes of other materials such as bone or leather, that was used in medieval and early modern Europe. Méreaux served a variety of purposes, most commonly as admission tickets, pay tokens, or counters in accounting.

Unlike coins, which were issued by sovereign authorities and had a fixed value, méreaux were often issued by local authorities, abbeys, guilds, or even private individuals. Their value was determined by the issuer and could vary greatly.

Uses and Functions:

• Admission Tickets: Méreaux could serve as tickets granting entry to specific events, gatherings, or services. For example, they might be used for admission to a church service, a guild meeting, or a market.

• Pay Tokens: In some instances, méreaux acted as a form of payment, particularly for temporary laborers or those receiving charitable assistance. Rather than receiving cash, individuals would receive méreaux that could be redeemed for goods or services at a specific location, such as a bakery or a soup kitchen.

• Accounting Counters: Méreaux were used as counters in various accounting practices. They could represent specific units of value and be used on a counting board to perform calculations. In this function, they are similar to jetons used for counting.

• Commemorative Items: Some méreaux were issued to commemorate specific events or individuals, serving as a form of keepsake.

Distinction from Jetons and Coins:

While méreaux share similarities with jetons and coins, there are key differences. Jetons were primarily used for mathematical calculations on a counting board, while méreaux had a broader range of uses, including admission and payment. Coins, on the other hand, had a fixed value determined by the issuing authority and were intended for general circulation. Méreaux often had a more localized and restricted circulation.

Historical Significance:

The study of méreaux provides valuable insights into the economic, social, and religious practices of medieval and early modern Europe. They offer a glimpse into the everyday lives of people and the various systems of exchange and organization that existed during that period. The iconography and inscriptions found on méreaux can also provide information about local customs, beliefs, and authorities.