Panjal

Panjal refers to the Pir Panjal Range, a group of mountains in the inner Himalayan region, running from east-southeast to west-northwest across the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh and the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, and then into Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir. It is the largest range of the Lesser Himalayas.

The Pir Panjal Range is known for its picturesque landscapes, alpine meadows, and coniferous forests. Several passes, such as the Pir Panjal Pass and the Banihal Pass, provide routes through the range. Historically, these passes have been important for trade and migration. The range is also significant for its glaciers, which are sources of water for the region's rivers.

The region around the Pir Panjal Range experiences heavy snowfall during winter, which impacts accessibility. The Jawahar Tunnel, located beneath the Banihal Pass, provides all-weather connectivity between Jammu and Kashmir. The Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel, a part of the Jammu–Baramulla line, is one of the longest railway tunnels in India.

The Pir Panjal region has a diverse population, including Gujjars, Bakarwals, and other communities. Agriculture, animal husbandry, and tourism are important economic activities. The range is popular for trekking, skiing, and other adventure sports.