Judgement of Solomon (Mantegna)

The Judgement of Solomon is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Andrea Mantegna, completed circa 1491. It is part of a series of works commissioned for the Palazzo Ducale in Mantua, specifically for the Camera degli Sposi (Room of the Newlyweds).

The painting depicts the biblical story of the Judgement of Solomon, taken from the Book of Kings (1 Kings 3:16-28). The narrative concerns two women who both claimed to be the mother of the same child. King Solomon, famed for his wisdom, resolved the dispute by ordering the child to be cut in half, with each woman receiving a piece. One woman readily agreed to the division, while the other begged Solomon to spare the child's life and give it to the other woman, revealing her true maternal instincts. Solomon then declared the second woman to be the true mother and awarded her the child.

Mantegna's rendition portrays the dramatic moment of Solomon's judgement. The composition typically features Solomon seated on a throne, surrounded by courtiers and onlookers, while the executioner prepares to carry out the king's order. The two women are depicted in distress, their emotions clearly contrasting, revealing the true mother's compassion.

The Judgement of Solomon is admired for its depiction of human emotion, its classical architectural setting, and its masterful use of perspective, characteristic of Mantegna's style. The painting serves as a visual representation of justice, wisdom, and maternal love, reflecting the values that Mantegna sought to convey in his art. The artwork is a notable example of Renaissance painting and provides insight into the cultural and religious context of 15th-century Italy.