Installation (computer programs)

Installation, in the context of computer programs, refers to the process of preparing a software application to be executed on a computer system. It typically involves copying files from a distribution medium (e.g., a download package, physical media) to the computer's hard drive, configuring the software to operate correctly within the existing system environment, and setting up necessary dependencies. The ultimate goal of installation is to make the software fully functional and ready for use by the end-user.

The installation process can vary significantly in complexity, depending on the software itself and the operating system it's intended for. Simple programs may only require copying a single executable file to a designated directory. More complex software often necessitates a series of steps, including:

• Dependency checking and installation: Ensuring that the target system has all the required libraries, frameworks, and other software components necessary for the program to function. The installation process might automatically download and install these dependencies if they are missing.

• Configuration: Modifying system settings, creating configuration files, and setting environment variables so the software can operate correctly in the specific environment. This may involve specifying installation directories, network settings, user preferences, or database connections.

• File placement: Copying program files (executables, libraries, data files, documentation) to the appropriate locations on the hard drive. These locations are often determined by operating system conventions or user preferences.

• Creating shortcuts and menu entries: Adding shortcuts to the program in the operating system's start menu or desktop, allowing users to easily launch the software.

• Registering file associations: Associating specific file types with the installed program, so that double-clicking on a file of that type will automatically open it with the program.

• License agreement: Presenting the user with a software license agreement and requiring them to accept its terms before proceeding with the installation.

• User account creation: If required, the installation process may create user accounts and assign permissions needed for the software's proper operation.

Installation programs are commonly used to automate these steps. These programs, often called installers or setup programs, guide the user through the process, prompting for necessary information and performing the required actions. Silent installations are also possible, allowing the installation to proceed without user interaction, typically used in automated deployment scenarios.

The opposite of installation is uninstallation, which removes the program and its associated files from the computer system. A well-designed installation process will also provide a corresponding uninstallation procedure to ensure clean removal.