Gerwani

Gerwani was a women's organization in Indonesia associated with the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). Its full name was Gerakan Wanita Indonesia (Indonesian Women's Movement). Established in 1950, Gerwani advocated for women's rights and social reforms, focusing on issues such as education, healthcare, marriage laws, and land reform.

Gerwani grew to become one of the largest women's organizations in Indonesia. It organized activities such as literacy programs, health campaigns, and vocational training, aiming to improve the lives of women in both urban and rural areas. The organization's association with the PKI, however, proved to be its undoing.

Following the 30 September Movement in 1965, which the Indonesian government blamed on the PKI, Gerwani was accused of being involved in the coup attempt. Many members were arrested, imprisoned, and killed in the anti-communist purges that followed. Gerwani was officially banned, and its members were stigmatized and ostracized.

The allegations against Gerwani regarding the 30 September Movement have been subject to debate and scrutiny. Some historians argue that the organization's role was exaggerated, while others maintain that it was indeed involved in the events. Regardless, Gerwani's association with the PKI led to its downfall and a tragic end for many of its members. The events surrounding Gerwani remain a sensitive and controversial topic in Indonesian history.