Fantasia in C major (Haydn)

Fantasia in C major, Hob. XVII:6 is a composition for keyboard by Joseph Haydn. While often referred to simply as a "Fantasia," the piece exhibits characteristics that blur the lines between a free-flowing fantasia and a more structured sonata form. Its exact date of composition is uncertain, but it's generally placed within Haydn's mature period, sometime between 1770 and 1780.

The piece is characterized by its improvisatory feel, exhibiting a degree of spontaneity and freedom not always found in his more formally constrained works. Despite its improvisational nature, it possesses a strong sense of coherence and thematic development. The piece typically unfolds in several distinct sections, each with its own character and mood, often progressing through a variety of keys and textures. It showcases Haydn's mastery of counterpoint and his ability to create a sense of drama and excitement within a seemingly loose structure.

The work's popularity stems from its engaging melodic material, its technical brilliance (demanding a high level of keyboard skill from the performer), and its emotional range. It remains a popular choice for both amateur and professional keyboard players, appreciated for its expressive qualities and its glimpse into Haydn's compositional genius. Many recordings exist, reflecting the various interpretive possibilities inherent in its structure. The piece is typically performed on a fortepiano to reflect the style of the period but can also be successfully performed on modern pianos.

The piece is frequently included in collections of Haydn's keyboard works and stands as a testament to his multifaceted compositional style, demonstrating a capacity for both formal invention and expressive freedom. Its continued popularity speaks to its enduring appeal and its enduring relevance within the keyboard repertoire.