Ephestia

Ephestia is a genus of moths belonging to the family Pyralidae, subfamily Phycitinae. These moths are commonly known as flour moths or pantry moths due to their larvae's tendency to infest stored food products, particularly grains, flour, nuts, and dried fruits.

Several species within the Ephestia genus are considered significant pests in food storage facilities, mills, and homes. The most economically important species include Ephestia kuehniella (the Mediterranean flour moth) and Ephestia elutella (the cacao moth or tobacco moth).

Ephestia moths are typically small to medium in size, with wingspans ranging from 15 to 22 millimeters. Their forewings are usually gray or brown in color, often with darker markings or bands. The hindwings are generally paler in color than the forewings and lack prominent markings.

The life cycle of Ephestia species consists of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Female moths lay their eggs near or directly on suitable food sources. The larvae are caterpillars that feed voraciously on the stored products, causing damage and contamination. As they grow, the larvae spin silken threads, creating webbing within the infested material. Once fully grown, the larvae pupate within a silken cocoon. The adult moths emerge from the pupae and mate, continuing the life cycle.

Control and prevention of Ephestia infestations typically involve proper sanitation practices, such as regularly cleaning and inspecting food storage areas, using airtight containers to store susceptible products, and controlling temperature and humidity. Insecticides and pheromone traps can also be used to manage infestations.