Chakravakam (raga)
Chakravakam is a Carnatic music raga, the 16th Melakarta raga in the 72 Melakarta raga system. It is also known as Ahirbhairav in Hindustani music, though with some differences in treatment and emphasis on particular notes.
Etymology and Meaning:
The name Chakravakam is derived from the Sanskrit word for the Ruddy Shelduck or Brahminy duck, known for its loyalty and devotion as a couple. It is said that the raga evokes feelings of love, devotion, and longing, reflecting the qualities associated with the bird.
Arohana and Avarohana:
The arohana (ascending scale) and avarohana (descending scale) are as follows:
- Arohana: S R₁ G₃ M₁ P D₂ N₂ Ṡ
- Avarohana: Ṡ N₂ D₂ P M₁ G₃ R₁ S
Where:
- S - Shadjam
- R₁ - Suddha Rishabham
- G₃ - Antara Gandharam
- M₁ - Suddha Madhyamam
- P - Panchamam
- D₂ - Chathusruti Dhaivatam
- N₂ - Kaisiki Nishadam
- Ṡ - Higher Octave Shadjam
Characteristics and Mood:
Chakravakam is considered an auspicious and pleasing raga. It is often used for devotional and semi-classical compositions. It is known to evoke a feeling of serenity and is frequently performed during the morning hours.
Related Ragas:
Chakravakam is the parent Melakarta for several Janya ragas (derived ragas), including:
- Bindumalini
- Lavangi
Compositions:
Numerous compositions exist in Chakravakam. Notable examples include compositions by:
- Thyagaraja
- Muthuswami Dikshitar
- Syama Sastri
Hindustani Music Connection:
While Chakravakam is the equivalent of Ahirbhairav in Hindustani music, there are nuances in performance practice. Ahirbhairav typically features a greater emphasis on the Dhaivat (D) and Nishad (N) notes and often incorporates Komala Gandhar (soft G).