Cefazolin

Cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It is a beta-lactam antibiotic, meaning it works by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death.

Mechanism of Action: Cefazolin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located within the bacterial cell wall. This binding disrupts the transpeptidation reaction involved in the cross-linking of peptidoglycans, which are essential for the strength and rigidity of the bacterial cell wall.

Indications: Cefazolin is commonly used to treat infections such as:

• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Bone and joint infections
• Pneumonia (some types)
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Endocarditis prophylaxis
• Surgical prophylaxis

Administration: Cefazolin is typically administered intravenously (IV) or intramuscularly (IM). The dosage and duration of treatment depend on the severity and location of the infection, as well as the patient's renal function.

Adverse Effects: Common side effects of cefazolin include:

• Pain or irritation at the injection site
• Diarrhea
• Nausea
• Rash
• Allergic reactions (including anaphylaxis in rare cases)

Contraindications: Cefazolin is contraindicated in patients with a known allergy to cefazolin or other cephalosporin antibiotics. Caution is advised in patients with a history of penicillin allergy, as cross-reactivity may occur. It is also used with caution in patients with renal impairment.

Drug Interactions: Cefazolin may interact with certain medications, such as probenecid, which can increase the serum concentration of cefazolin.

Pharmacokinetics: Cefazolin is well-distributed into body tissues and fluids, but it does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier. It is primarily eliminated unchanged in the urine. Patients with impaired renal function may require dosage adjustments.