Carrizalillo (caldera)

The Carrizalillo caldera is a large volcanic depression located in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. It is situated in the state of Puebla, Mexico. This caldera formed as a result of a massive volcanic eruption that caused the roof of a magma chamber to collapse, creating a basin-shaped depression. The exact age of the caldera-forming eruption is still under investigation, but it is thought to be relatively young in geological terms, likely within the Quaternary period.

The Carrizalillo caldera is characterized by its significant size, its surrounding ring of higher terrain formed by the remnants of the original volcanic edifice, and the presence of post-caldera volcanic activity in the form of lava domes and cinder cones. These post-caldera features indicate that the volcanic system beneath the caldera is still active, although currently in a state of quiescence. The area within and around the caldera is also influenced by hydrothermal activity, evidenced by hot springs and altered ground. Further research is ongoing to better understand the history of the Carrizalillo caldera and assess any potential volcanic hazards associated with it.