Aldo Moro

Aldo Moro (September 23, 1916 – May 9, 1978) was an Italian politician and a prominent member of the Christian Democracy (Democrazia Cristiana, DC) party. He served as Prime Minister of Italy five times between 1963 and 1976.

Moro was a key figure in Italian post-war politics, known for his intellectual rigor, his ability to mediate between different political factions, and his commitment to democratic principles. He played a crucial role in shaping Italy's political landscape, particularly during the turbulent years of the "Years of Lead" (Anni di Piombo).

A law professor by training, Moro entered politics after World War II. He quickly rose through the ranks of the DC, holding various ministerial positions before becoming Prime Minister. His governments navigated periods of economic growth, social unrest, and increasing political polarization.

In the late 1970s, Moro advocated for a "historic compromise" (compromesso storico) with the Italian Communist Party (Partito Comunista Italiano, PCI). This policy aimed to bring the PCI into the parliamentary majority, believing it was necessary for political stability given the PCI's significant electoral support. This approach was highly controversial, opposed by many within his own party and by international allies.

On March 16, 1978, Moro was kidnapped by the Red Brigades (Brigate Rosse), a far-left militant group. The Red Brigades demanded the release of imprisoned members in exchange for Moro's freedom. The Italian government, under Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti, refused to negotiate. After 55 days of captivity, Moro was murdered and his body was found in the trunk of a car in Rome on May 9, 1978.

The assassination of Aldo Moro remains a deeply traumatic event in Italian history. It had a profound impact on Italian politics and society, ending the possibility of the "historic compromise" and further destabilizing the country. His death continues to be the subject of intense debate and speculation, with numerous theories surrounding the circumstances of his kidnapping and murder. He is widely remembered as a respected statesman and a symbol of Italy's troubled past.