Hordenine

Hordenine is a naturally occurring alkaloid of the phenethylamine class. It is found in a variety of plants, particularly barley grass ( Hordeum vulgare), from which it derives its name. Hordenine is also present in certain cacti species and other plant sources.

Chemically, hordenine is N,N-dimethyltyramine. It acts primarily as a releasing agent of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter that plays a role in regulating heart rate, blood pressure, and energy levels. While its mechanisms are not fully understood, hordenine is thought to exert its effects through inhibiting monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes, which are responsible for breaking down monoamines like norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. This inhibition results in an increase in the concentration of norepinephrine in the synaptic cleft, leading to potential stimulant and thermogenic effects.

Hordenine has been investigated for potential applications including weight loss, athletic performance enhancement, and as a nootropic. However, scientific evidence supporting these uses is limited and often based on preliminary or small-scale studies. Its efficacy and safety in humans require further research.

Due to its potential stimulant effects, hordenine may interact with certain medications and supplements, particularly those affecting the cardiovascular system or central nervous system. Individuals with pre-existing heart conditions, high blood pressure, or anxiety disorders should exercise caution when considering hordenine supplementation. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional before using hordenine, especially in conjunction with other substances.

The legal status of hordenine varies depending on jurisdiction. In some regions, it is available as a dietary supplement, while in others it may be restricted or regulated.

Synonyms for hordenine include: N,N-dimethyltyramine, p-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylphenethylamine, Anhaline.