Alcabalusa (Arequipa)

The term "Alcabalusa" in Arequipa, Peru, refers to a specific type of traditional, often hand-woven, woolen rug or carpet. These rugs are known for their vibrant colors, geometric patterns, and durable construction. Historically, Alcabalusa rugs were a significant part of the region's textile tradition and were used for both decorative and functional purposes, serving as floor coverings and wall hangings.

The name "Alcabalusa" likely derives from a combination of local influences and potential Spanish colonial interactions, though the exact etymology remains somewhat debated among historians and artisans in the region. Some theories suggest a connection to the "alcabala," a Spanish colonial sales tax, possibly indicating a historical association with trade and commerce of such textiles. However, this link is not definitively proven.

Alcabalusa rugs are characterized by their distinctive designs, which frequently incorporate stylized depictions of animals, plants, and abstract geometric shapes that reflect the Andean worldview and cultural heritage. The color palettes often feature bold reds, yellows, blues, and greens, obtained from natural dyes derived from local plants and minerals.

While the production of traditional Alcabalusa rugs has faced challenges from mass-produced alternatives, efforts are underway to preserve and promote this unique art form. Local artisans and organizations are working to revive traditional weaving techniques, encourage the use of natural dyes, and raise awareness about the cultural significance of Alcabalusa rugs as an integral part of Arequipa's cultural identity. These efforts aim to ensure the continuation of this valuable textile tradition for future generations.