Al-Ahbash

Al-Ahbash (Arabic: الأحباش, al-ʾAḥbāsh), officially known as the Association of Islamic Charitable Projects (AICP), is a Sunni Islamic religious movement founded in Lebanon in the mid-20th century by Sheikh Abdullah al-Harari. The name "al-Ahbash" literally translates to "the Ethiopians" or "the Habashis," referring to al-Harari's Ethiopian background.

Beliefs and Practices:

Al-Ahbash adheres to a traditional Sunni understanding of Islam, following the Ash'ari school of theology, the Shafi'i school of jurisprudence, and a Sufi orientation. They are known for their strong emphasis on defending classical Islamic doctrines and refuting what they consider to be deviant interpretations. Key aspects of their beliefs and practices include:

• Rejection of Literalism: They interpret Islamic texts with careful consideration of context and historical understanding, rejecting literalist or extremist interpretations.
• Emphasis on Mawlid: The celebration of the Prophet Muhammad's birthday (Mawlid) is a significant practice.
• Intercession (Tawassul): They believe in the permissibility of seeking intercession through prophets and righteous individuals.
• Opposition to Wahhabism and Salafism: Al-Ahbash is strongly critical of Wahhabism and Salafism, viewing them as heretical and a source of extremism.
• Emphasis on Traditional Islamic Scholarship: They prioritize the study of traditional Islamic sciences under qualified scholars.
• Rejection of Takfir: They generally avoid declaring other Muslims as non-believers (takfir).

History and Development:

The movement was founded by Sheikh Abdullah al-Harari in Lebanon in the 1950s. He had previously studied Islamic sciences in Ethiopia before relocating to Lebanon. Over time, al-Ahbash gained a following in Lebanon and among Lebanese diaspora communities around the world.

Organization and Activities:

The AICP, the official organization representing al-Ahbash, is involved in a range of charitable and educational activities. These include:

• Establishing schools and educational institutions.
• Publishing books and articles on Islamic topics.
• Organizing religious gatherings and lectures.
• Providing social services and charitable assistance.

Controversies and Criticisms:

Al-Ahbash has faced controversies and criticisms, including:

• Accusations of Sectarianism: Some critics accuse them of being sectarian due to their strong criticism of other Islamic groups, particularly Wahhabis and Salafis.
• Allegations of Authoritarianism: Internal critics have sometimes accused the movement of being overly centralized and authoritarian in its leadership.
• Connections to the Syrian Government: The group had historical ties with the Syrian government under Hafez al-Assad, which has drawn criticism.

Geographical Distribution:

Al-Ahbash has a significant presence in Lebanon, particularly in Beirut. It also has followers in various countries with Lebanese diaspora communities, including the United States, Canada, Australia, and parts of Europe.

Conclusion:

Al-Ahbash is a Sunni Islamic movement with a distinct set of beliefs and practices. While it has gained a following in certain communities, it has also faced criticism and controversy. It remains a notable force within the landscape of contemporary Islamic movements.