Abgar II

Abgar II (also known as Abgar bar Abgar or Abgar the Younger) ruled as the Arab phylarch of Osroene, with his capital at Edessa, from approximately 68 BC to 53 BC. He is often confused with other rulers named Abgar, particularly Abgar I and Abgar V.

While historical details about Abgar II are scarce and sometimes contradictory, he is primarily known for his complex political maneuvering amidst the power struggles between the Roman Republic and the Parthian Empire. Osroene, due to its geographic location, was frequently caught between these two major powers. Abgar II attempted to maintain his kingdom's independence by playing both sides, sometimes aligning with the Romans and other times with the Parthians, depending on the perceived advantage.

His reign was marked by instability and political intrigue. Historical sources suggest he was involved in conspiracies and betrayals, shifting alliances to secure his position. Ultimately, he was deposed or killed, with the exact circumstances surrounding the end of his rule remaining unclear. His successor, often believed to be his son or another relative, continued the dynasty of rulers in Edessa. Abgar II's reign highlights the precarious position of small kingdoms caught between larger empires in the ancient world.