Tetragona

Tetragona is a genus of stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) found in the Neotropical region, ranging from Mexico to Argentina. These bees are known for their relatively small size, their lack of a functional sting, and their production of honey and pollen, although typically in smaller quantities than the better-known honey bees (Apis).

Characteristics:

Tetragona bees are generally black or dark brown in color. They exhibit a complex social structure typical of eusocial insects, with a clear division of labor between queens, workers, and males (drones). Colonies can vary significantly in size, depending on the species and environmental conditions. A defining feature of Tetragona bees, common to all Meliponini, is their lack of a sting. They defend themselves by biting, smearing sticky resin, or a combination of both.

Nesting:

Tetragona species construct nests in a variety of locations, including tree cavities, rock crevices, and even within the nests of termites or ants. Their nests are typically constructed from cerumen (a mixture of beeswax and resin), propolis (a resinous substance collected from plants), and sometimes soil or other materials. They create brood cells for rearing larvae and store honey and pollen in separate pots within the nest structure. The architecture of their nests can vary significantly between species.

Honey and Pollen:

The honey produced by Tetragona bees is often more liquid than honey produced by Apis bees and can have a more acidic or medicinal taste, depending on the floral sources visited. It is traditionally valued by local communities for its perceived medicinal properties and is sometimes used as a food source. The pollen they collect is also important for the development of their larvae and contributes to the pollination of various plant species.

Ecological Importance:

Tetragona bees, like other stingless bees, play a crucial role in the pollination of native plants in Neotropical ecosystems. Their activity contributes to the biodiversity and health of these environments. They often pollinate a different range of plants compared to honey bees, further enhancing their ecological significance.

Conservation Status:

The conservation status of different Tetragona species varies. Some species are relatively common, while others may be threatened by habitat loss, deforestation, and the use of pesticides. The sustainable management of their habitats and the promotion of stingless beekeeping can help to ensure their long-term survival.