Teng (mythology)

The Teng, also sometimes referred to as Tengu, is a type of legendary creature found in Japanese folklore and religious traditions. Though often translated as "heavenly dog," the Tengu's origins are complex and its depiction has evolved significantly over time.

Originally, Tengu were conceived as disruptive demons or goblins associated with mountains and forests. They were often portrayed as having avian characteristics, such as wings and beaks, reflecting a perceived connection to birds of prey. This early image associated them with arrogance, pride, and general mischief.

Over time, the Tengu gradually shifted in the cultural imagination. They became less purely malevolent and began to be seen as ambivalent beings. Some Tengu are considered protectors of the mountains and forests, while others are still viewed as tricksters.

Two major types of Tengu are recognized: the Daitengu (大天狗, "great Tengu") and the Kotengu (小天狗, "small Tengu"). The Daitengu are typically depicted with long noses, human-like forms, and great magical powers. They are often associated with particular mountains and are sometimes considered to be ascetic hermits or powerful yamabushi (mountain ascetics). The Kotengu are more often portrayed with bird-like features, such as beaks and wings, and retain a more goblin-like appearance. Karasu-Tengu (烏天狗, "crow Tengu") are a specific type of Kotengu frequently depicted with crow-like heads and bodies.

Tengu are often associated with martial arts and are sometimes considered to be teachers of warriors. They are also linked to supernatural abilities and are believed to possess powers such as shapeshifting, telekinesis, and the ability to control the weather. They feature prominently in Japanese folklore, literature, and theatre, continuing to be a significant figure in Japanese popular culture.