Shuihu

Shuihu, also known as Water Margin or Outlaws of the Marsh, is one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. Attributed to Shi Nai'an (with some chapters possibly written by Luo Guanzhong), the novel details the exploits of a band of 108 outlaws who gather at Mount Liang (Liangshan Marsh) during the Song dynasty (960–1279).

The story revolves around themes of social injustice, government corruption, and the rebellion against tyranny. The outlaws, each with a unique background and skillset, are driven to Mount Liang by various circumstances, often stemming from oppression by corrupt officials or unjust laws. They unite under the banner of righteousness ("substituting for Heaven") and initially aim to overthrow the corrupt government and bring justice to the land.

Shuihu is notable for its complex characters, vivid action sequences, and exploration of Chinese societal issues of the time. The individual stories of the 108 outlaws, often involving dramatic conflicts and moral dilemmas, contribute to the novel's epic scope. While the outlaws are depicted as heroic figures fighting against injustice, their methods are often violent and morally ambiguous, leading to complex interpretations of their actions.

The novel has been adapted into numerous forms of media, including operas, films, television series, and video games, solidifying its enduring cultural impact. Shuihu continues to be studied and appreciated for its literary merit, historical insights, and enduring themes of rebellion, justice, and brotherhood.