National Treasure (South Korea)

The term "National Treasure" (국보, Gukbo) in South Korea refers to tangible cultural properties that have been designated by the South Korean government for protection and preservation. These are considered to be exceptionally valuable and historically significant artifacts or sites that embody the country's cultural heritage.

The designation process is overseen by the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA). Potential National Treasures are first evaluated and may initially be designated as "Treasures" (보물, Bomul). Subsequently, particularly outstanding Treasures can be elevated to National Treasure status based on their historical, artistic, and scholarly significance.

National Treasures can encompass a wide range of items, including buildings, sculptures, paintings, ceramics, metal crafts, calligraphy, books, documents, and archaeological artifacts. They represent various periods in Korean history and reflect different aspects of Korean culture, including religion, philosophy, art, and technology.

The designation as a National Treasure provides legal protection to the item. It restricts modifications, relocation, or exportation without government permission. The government provides financial support for the maintenance, restoration, and security of National Treasures. Owners of designated National Treasures are responsible for their proper care and management, and they are often subject to regulations to ensure their preservation for future generations.

The National Treasure system is intended to raise public awareness and appreciation of Korea's cultural heritage. Listing as a National Treasure is a prestigious recognition of an object’s importance to the nation's identity and cultural memory.