R-29RM

The R-29RM (Russian: Р-29РМ) is a Russian submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM). It is also known by the NATO reporting name SS-N-23 Skiff. Development began in the 1970s, and it entered service in 1986, equipping the Project 667BDRM Delfin-class (NATO: Delta IV) submarines.

The R-29RM is a three-stage, liquid-fueled missile. It utilizes an inertial guidance system and can carry multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs). Its design was a significant improvement over previous Soviet SLBMs, offering greater range and accuracy.

Over time, the R-29RM has undergone several modernization programs. The R-29RMU Sineva (Russian: Р-29РМУ Синева) is an upgraded variant featuring improved accuracy, penetration aids to counter missile defense systems, and a longer service life. It entered service in 2007. A further development, the R-29RMU2.1 Liner (Russian: Р-29РМУ2.1 Лайнер), is designed as a replacement for the Sineva.

The R-29RM and its variants remain a crucial component of Russia's nuclear deterrent, providing a sea-based capability for strategic nuclear strike. The missiles are launched from submerged submarines, enhancing their survivability and contributing to the overall effectiveness of the Russian nuclear arsenal. The decommissioning of older variants and the introduction of newer versions are ongoing processes, reflecting Russia's commitment to maintaining a modern and capable strategic missile force.