QuakeML

QuakeML is an open, modern, and extensible standard for exchanging seismological data and metadata. It is primarily designed for use within and between seismological observatories, data centers, and research institutions. QuakeML aims to provide a comprehensive representation of seismic event and station information, replacing older, less flexible formats.

The standard's development was motivated by the increasing complexity of seismological research and the growing need for interoperability between different systems. QuakeML utilizes XML (Extensible Markup Language) as its underlying technology, providing a structured and self-describing format. This structure facilitates automated processing, validation, and exchange of data.

Key elements covered by QuakeML include:

• Event Parameters: Location (latitude, longitude, depth), origin time, magnitude, and associated uncertainties.
• Station Information: Geographical coordinates of seismic stations, instrument response information, and network codes.
• Waveform Data Association: Links between seismic events and observed waveform data, including arrival times and phase picks.
• Focal Mechanisms: Fault plane solutions describing the rupture process of an earthquake.
• Macroseismic Data: Observations of earthquake effects on humans and the environment.

The modular design of QuakeML allows for extension and customization to accommodate specific research needs and regional variations in data formats. The schema definitions, which define the structure and content of valid QuakeML documents, are maintained and updated by the international seismological community. This ensures the ongoing relevance and compatibility of the standard.