Planet of the Apes (novel)

Planet of the Apes is a 1963 science fiction novel by French author Pierre Boulle. The story follows French journalist Ulysse Mérou, who travels with a scientific expedition to a planet orbiting the star Betelgeuse. On this planet, humans are mute and primitive, while chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans have evolved into intelligent, technologically advanced beings that dominate the planet. The apes have constructed a hierarchical society based on intelligence and physical strength, with orangutans primarily serving in intellectual roles, chimpanzees as scientists and administrators, and gorillas as soldiers and laborers.

Mérou is captured and initially treated as an animal, but his intelligence is eventually recognized. He becomes the subject of scientific study and even becomes involved in ape society. The novel explores themes of evolution, the nature of intelligence, and the relativity of civilization. It presents a satirical commentary on human behavior and challenges anthropocentric views.

The novel culminates in Mérou returning to Earth with his chimpanzee companion Nova, only to discover that humans have been subjugated by apes there as well, revealing a cyclical nature to power and dominance.

Planet of the Apes has been highly influential and has spawned numerous adaptations, including a successful film franchise, television series, comics, and other media. The core concept of an ape-dominated world continues to resonate, prompting exploration of social hierarchy, prejudice, and the potential for societal collapse.