Phulkahi

Phulkahi, often romanized as Phulkahi or Phulkari, refers to a traditional embroidery technique originating from the Punjab region of India and Pakistan. The term literally translates to "flower work," deriving from the words "phul" (flower) and "kari" (work).

Phulkari is more than just embroidery; it's a cultural expression closely associated with women, festivities, and significant life events. Traditionally, it was practiced by women in rural Punjab, passed down through generations within families. The embroidery served as a creative outlet and a tangible expression of their skills and emotions.

The defining characteristic of Phulkari is the use of darn stitch (also known as running stitch) done on the reverse side of coarse cotton cloth called khaddar. Silken thread, known as pat, is used to create intricate patterns. The embroidery is typically dense, covering the entire fabric surface, leaving little or no visible background.

Common motifs in Phulkari include geometric patterns, floral designs, and representations of everyday objects and scenes from rural life. The colors used in Phulkari are vibrant and often contrasting, adding to the visual appeal of the embroidery. Red, orange, yellow, green, and blue are frequently used.

Beyond the aesthetic value, Phulkari holds significant cultural and social importance. It is traditionally given to brides as part of their dowry and worn during weddings and other celebrations. The Phulkari shawl, or "bagh" (garden), is a particularly elaborate and prized form of Phulkari where the entire surface of the cloth is covered with embroidery, making it appear as if a garden is in bloom.

Over time, the art of Phulkari has evolved and diversified. While traditional Phulkari remains a cherished art form, contemporary interpretations and applications have emerged, including its use in clothing, accessories, and home décor. The craft is now recognized and promoted both nationally and internationally as an important part of the cultural heritage of Punjab.