Carlo Rezzonico (cardinal)

Carlo Rezzonico (1693-1769) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who reigned as Pope Clement XIII from 1758 until his death. Born in Venice to a wealthy family, Rezzonico pursued a career in the Church, studying at Padua and Rome.

He rose through the ranks, holding various positions including Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signatura of Justice and Grace, Governor of Rieti, and serving in the Roman Curia. He was created a cardinal in 1737 by Pope Clement XII.

Prior to his election as Pope, Rezzonico served as Bishop of Padua from 1743. Following the death of Pope Benedict XIV, the papal conclave of 1758 was marked by significant political maneuvering from various European powers, particularly regarding the ongoing controversy surrounding the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). Rezzonico's election as Clement XIII was, in part, due to his perceived neutrality on the Jesuit question at that time.

As Pope, Clement XIII staunchly defended the Society of Jesus against increasing pressure from Bourbon monarchs in France, Spain, and Portugal who sought their suppression. He issued several papal bulls in their defense, notably Apostolicum pascendi munus in 1765. However, his efforts proved unsuccessful in halting the suppression of the Jesuits in various countries.

Clement XIII also faced challenges related to the Papal States, including territorial disputes and economic difficulties. He was a patron of the arts and sciences, and canonized several saints during his pontificate. His tomb is located in St. Peter's Basilica, sculpted by Antonio Canova. His papacy is largely remembered for his staunch defense of the Jesuits in the face of powerful opposition.