Pen (enclosure)

A pen, in the context of an enclosure, is a relatively small area used to confine and contain animals. The primary function of a pen is to restrict the movement of livestock or other animals, facilitating their care, management, or separation. Pens are typically constructed with fences, walls, or other barriers.

The design and materials used in a pen can vary widely depending on the type and size of animals being contained, the climate, and the intended use of the enclosure. Common materials include wood, metal, wire mesh, and concrete. Factors considered when designing a pen include the strength of the barrier needed to prevent escape, the size of the enclosure required to accommodate the animals comfortably, drainage to prevent unsanitary conditions, and protection from weather and predators.

Pens may be used for a variety of purposes, including:

• Livestock management: Pens are used to separate animals for breeding, feeding, medical treatment, or transportation.
• Housing: Pens may serve as temporary or permanent shelters for animals, protecting them from the elements.
• Quarantine: Pens can isolate sick or injured animals to prevent the spread of disease.
• Training: Pens may be used to train animals, such as horses or dogs.
• Display: Pens may be used to exhibit animals at fairs or zoos.

Distinctions are often made between a pen and other types of enclosures. A pen is generally smaller and more confined than a pasture or paddock, which allow for greater grazing or exercise. A kennel is typically used specifically for dogs, while a cage is usually a smaller, enclosed structure often with wire mesh or bars, intended for smaller animals. The term "corral" is often used to describe a large pen for livestock, particularly cattle or horses.