Paraprostatum

The paraprostatum refers to an accessory or ectopic prostate gland. It represents a rare developmental anomaly characterized by the presence of prostatic tissue in an abnormal location, distinct from the normal anatomical position of the prostate gland. This ectopic tissue may be located in various areas, including the periprostatic tissues, rectum, bladder neck, or even further afield.

While often asymptomatic, a paraprostatum can sometimes manifest clinically, potentially causing symptoms similar to those associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostatitis, such as urinary frequency, urgency, and difficulty voiding. Diagnosis usually involves imaging techniques like transrectal ultrasound, MRI, or CT scans. Histological examination of tissue samples obtained through biopsy confirms the presence of prostatic tissue.

Treatment options depend on the size of the paraprostatum, the severity of symptoms, and the presence of any complications. Management may include watchful waiting, medical therapy with alpha-blockers or 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, or surgical intervention such as transurethral resection or open excision. The long-term prognosis is generally good, but regular monitoring is recommended to detect any changes or complications.