Maleevus

Maleevus is a genus of single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Peribunyaviridae family within the order Bunyavirales. Viruses in this genus are primarily known for infecting mosquitoes and can cause disease in humans. The most well-known species within the Maleevus genus is the Schmallenberg virus (SBV).

Schmallenberg virus, while primarily affecting ruminants such as cattle, sheep, and goats, is transmitted by biting midges (Culicoides species). Infection during pregnancy can lead to congenital malformations in offspring, resulting in significant economic losses in agriculture. Clinical signs in adult animals are often mild and include fever, loss of appetite, and reduced milk production.

The Maleevus genus is characterized by its tripartite genome consisting of three RNA segments: L (large), M (medium), and S (small). These segments encode the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, glycoproteins (Gn and Gc), and the nucleocapsid protein, respectively. The virus replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells.

Research on Maleevus viruses is ongoing to better understand their transmission, pathogenesis, and potential for causing disease in both animals and humans. Surveillance programs are in place in many regions to monitor the spread of these viruses and implement appropriate control measures.