Lucius Cornelius Balbus (proconsul)

Lucius Cornelius Balbus (proconsul), often referred to as Balbus Minor to distinguish him from his uncle Lucius Cornelius Balbus (major), was a Roman politician and military figure of the 1st century BC. He was a native of Gades (modern Cádiz, Spain), like his uncle, and similarly achieved Roman citizenship and a prominent position in Roman society despite his non-Italian origin.

Balbus Minor is primarily known for his role as proconsul of Africa in 21-20 BC. During his tenure, he achieved significant military success by campaigning against the Garamantes, a tribe inhabiting the Sahara region. This campaign is notable for its daring and scope, venturing far into the desert and potentially reaching the Fezzan region of modern-day Libya.

The victory against the Garamantes earned Balbus a triumph in Rome in 19 BC, a rare honor for someone who was not of traditional Roman birth. This triumph was commemorated with the construction of a theater in Rome, highlighting the prestige he gained from his African exploits.

Balbus's career exemplifies the possibilities for advancement within the Roman Republic and early Empire for individuals from the provinces who could demonstrate loyalty and ability. His success, alongside that of his uncle, underscored the increasing integration of the provinces into the Roman political and military system. Literary sources mentioning Balbus include accounts of his African campaigns and allusions to his triumphant return to Rome.