Karl Hess

Karl Hess (1923-1994) was an American political philosopher, speechwriter, and activist. He is best known for his radical shift from conservative Republicanism to libertarianism and anarcho-capitalism.

Originally a speechwriter for Barry Goldwater during the 1964 presidential campaign, Hess co-authored Goldwater's book, The Conscience of a Conservative, although the extent of his contribution is debated. This role cemented his position as a significant figure in the American conservative movement.

However, Hess became disillusioned with mainstream politics and what he perceived as the inherent coerciveness of state power. He began exploring libertarian and anarchist ideas, advocating for individual liberty, free markets, and voluntary association. His intellectual journey led him to embrace anarcho-capitalism, a philosophy that promotes the elimination of the state in favor of private property rights and free market solutions for all social services, including defense and law enforcement.

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Hess became increasingly involved in counter-cultural movements and experimented with alternative living and technologies. He developed a passion for welding and became a skilled metalworker, often using his skills to create practical tools and structures. He also embraced appropriate technology and self-sufficiency, advocating for decentralized and localized solutions to social and economic problems.

Hess authored several books and articles articulating his libertarian and anarchist views, including Community Technology (1979) and Dear America (1975). He was a frequent speaker at libertarian and anarchist gatherings, and his writings and activism influenced a generation of thinkers and activists. His evolution from a conservative figure to a prominent voice in the libertarian movement makes him a unique and influential figure in American political thought.