Humanitarian impact of the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)

The ongoing Sudanese civil war, which erupted in April 2023, has resulted in a devastating humanitarian crisis across Sudan and neighboring countries. The conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) has triggered widespread displacement, food insecurity, a collapse of healthcare services, and a surge in violence against civilians.

Displacement:

The fighting has forced millions of Sudanese people from their homes, creating one of the largest displacement crises globally. Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are seeking refuge in relatively safer areas within Sudan, often overwhelming already stretched resources and infrastructure. Neighboring countries, including Chad, South Sudan, Egypt, Ethiopia, and the Central African Republic, have received hundreds of thousands of refugees, placing a strain on their economies and humanitarian capacity. The displacement increases vulnerability to disease, exploitation, and violence, particularly for women and children.

Food Insecurity:

The conflict has severely disrupted agricultural production, supply chains, and market access, leading to a rapid increase in food insecurity. Many farmers have been unable to plant or harvest crops, and essential food supplies have been looted or destroyed. The disruption of humanitarian aid delivery further exacerbates the situation. Acute malnutrition rates are soaring, particularly among children under five, pregnant women, and lactating mothers. Widespread hunger and potential famine conditions threaten the lives of millions.

Healthcare Collapse:

The healthcare system in Sudan has been brought to the brink of collapse due to the conflict. Hospitals and clinics have been damaged or destroyed in the fighting, and many healthcare workers have fled their posts due to insecurity. Medical supplies are dwindling, and access to essential healthcare services, including maternal and child health, is severely limited. The lack of access to clean water and sanitation facilities is contributing to the spread of infectious diseases, such as cholera, measles, and malaria.

Violence Against Civilians:

The conflict has been marked by widespread violence against civilians, including killings, sexual violence, and arbitrary detention. Human rights organizations have documented numerous reports of atrocities committed by both the SAF and the RSF, as well as associated armed groups. Women and girls are particularly vulnerable to sexual violence, and children are at risk of recruitment into armed forces. The breakdown of law and order has created an environment of impunity, further fueling the cycle of violence.

Humanitarian Access:

Access to affected populations remains a significant challenge for humanitarian organizations. The ongoing fighting, bureaucratic impediments, and insecurity are hindering the delivery of aid to those in need. Humanitarian workers have faced threats and attacks, further complicating their efforts to provide assistance. Ensuring safe and unimpeded humanitarian access is crucial to alleviate suffering and prevent further loss of life.

International Response:

The international community has condemned the violence and called for an immediate cessation of hostilities. Humanitarian organizations are working to provide emergency assistance to affected populations, but the scale of the crisis far exceeds current resources. Increased funding, diplomatic efforts to secure a ceasefire, and improved humanitarian access are urgently needed to address the humanitarian catastrophe in Sudan.