Himatium

A himatium (Ancient Greek: ἱμάτιον) was a type of cloak or mantle worn by men and women in ancient Greece from the Archaic through the Hellenistic periods (roughly 750 BCE to 31 BCE). It was a rectangular piece of heavy fabric, typically wool, larger than the chlamys but smaller than the himation's later Roman derivative, the toga.

The himatium was draped over the left shoulder and wrapped around the body, leaving one arm (usually the right) free for movement. Variations in draping were possible, and the style of wearing it could indicate social status, profession, or occasion. It was commonly worn over a chiton (tunic).

The himatium served primarily as outerwear, providing warmth and protection from the elements. However, it also functioned as a symbol of citizenship and a mark of respectability. Philosophers, in particular, were often depicted wearing the himatium, emphasizing their intellectual pursuits and detachment from worldly concerns. The simplicity of the garment aligned with the philosophical ideals of austerity and focus on inner virtues.

Over time, the manner of wearing the himatium evolved, becoming more stylized and subject to fashion trends. Sculptural representations and vase paintings provide valuable insights into the different ways the himatium was worn and its significance in ancient Greek society.