Sabre (fencing)

Sabre is one of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing, alongside foil and épée. It is a light, cutting and thrusting weapon derived from the cavalry sword. Sabre fencing is characterized by its emphasis on speed and aggression, as well as its distinct target area.

Target Area:

The target area in sabre extends from the top of the head to the waist, encompassing the entire torso, including the arms. This includes the mask, jacket, and both arms down to the wrists. Unlike foil and épée, the legs and hands below the wrists are not valid targets.

Rules and Conventions:

Right-of-way is a crucial concept in sabre fencing. Initially, the fencer who begins an attack has right-of-way. If the attack is direct and continuous, the attacker retains right-of-way. However, if the attack is parried, or if the attacker hesitates or stops, the right-of-way passes to the defender. This means that to score a point, a fencer must either initiate a valid attack, or successfully defend against their opponent's attack and then immediately counter-attack. Simultaneous attacks typically result in no point awarded, unless the referee determines that one fencer clearly initiated the attack with right-of-way.

The Sabre Weapon:

The sabre blade is slightly curved and lighter than an épée blade. Its construction allows for both cutting and thrusting actions, which are fundamental to sabre technique. The handguard, called a "bell guard," is designed to protect the fencer's hand from cuts.

Techniques and Tactics:

Sabre fencing involves a variety of techniques, including attacks, parries, ripostes (counter-attacks), and counter-parries. Footwork is also crucial, allowing fencers to quickly close the distance or retreat. Tactics often involve aggressive attacks, feints, and attempts to control the timing and distance of the bout. Common actions include the advance, lunge, flèche (a running attack), and various cuts aimed at the torso or arms.

Differences from Foil and Épée:

The key differences between sabre, foil, and épée lie in the target area and the rules governing right-of-way. Foil fencing only targets the torso, excluding the arms and head, and also uses right-of-way rules. Épée fencing has a different right-of-way system, awarding the touch to the fencer who hits first, with a simultaneous touch awarding a point to both fencers. The full-body target area in épée allows for more defensive and tactical approaches.