Henry Atkinson (soldier)

Henry Atkinson (1782 – June 14, 1842) was a career officer in the United States Army who served extensively on the western frontier. He is most notable for his leadership in the Yellowstone Expedition of 1825, his role in the Winnebago War of 1827, and his command during the Black Hawk War of 1832.

Atkinson entered the army in 1808 as a captain and served in the War of 1812. He rose through the ranks, eventually becoming a brevet brigadier general. In the early 1820s, he was assigned to the Missouri River region, tasked with maintaining peace among the various Native American tribes and facilitating trade.

The Yellowstone Expedition, co-led with Indian Agent Benjamin O'Fallon, aimed to assert U.S. authority over the Upper Missouri River region and negotiate treaties with the tribes. While the expedition did not reach the Yellowstone River as originally planned, it successfully established Fort Atkinson (located near present-day Omaha, Nebraska), which became a crucial outpost for decades.

In 1827, Atkinson played a key role in suppressing the Winnebago War, triggered by misunderstandings and escalating tensions between settlers and the Winnebago tribe. His prompt response and negotiation skills helped to bring a swift end to the conflict.

Atkinson's most significant command was during the Black Hawk War. Despite initial setbacks and criticisms of his leadership, he ultimately led the U.S. forces to victory at the Battle of Bad Axe in August 1832, effectively ending the war and solidifying U.S. control over the region.

After the Black Hawk War, Atkinson continued to serve on the frontier, overseeing the implementation of treaties and maintaining peace among the various tribes. He died at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, in 1842. Fort Atkinson, named in his honor, stands as a testament to his contributions to the westward expansion of the United States.