Ganirelix

Ganirelix is a synthetic decapeptide used as a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist. It is primarily employed in assisted reproductive technology (ART) to prevent premature luteinizing hormone (LH) surges in women undergoing ovarian stimulation.

Mechanism of Action: Ganirelix works by competitively blocking GnRH receptors in the pituitary gland. This action suppresses the release of both LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). By preventing the premature LH surge, ganirelix allows the follicles to mature properly before ovulation is triggered artificially, improving the success rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures.

Clinical Use: Ganirelix is typically administered via subcutaneous injection during the mid-to-late follicular phase of ovarian stimulation. The exact timing of administration is determined by monitoring the patient's ovarian response and hormone levels. It is used as part of a controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocol.

Adverse Effects: Common side effects of ganirelix include injection site reactions (such as redness, swelling, and itching), headache, and abdominal pain. Less frequent but potentially serious side effects may include ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).

Contraindications: Ganirelix is contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity to ganirelix or any of its excipients, women who are already pregnant, and those with moderate to severe renal or hepatic impairment.

Formulations: Ganirelix is available as a single-dose prefilled syringe for subcutaneous injection.