Energia (corporation)

Energia, officially known as S. P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia (RKK Energia), is a Russian manufacturer of spacecraft and space station components. It is the prime developer and contractor of the Russian crewed space program; it is also a major manufacturer of rocket engines and spacecraft.

Energia traces its origins back to 1946 with the establishment of Special Design Bureau No. 1 (OKB-1), headed by Sergei Korolev. This bureau was responsible for the development of the Soviet Union's first intercontinental ballistic missiles, the R-7 Semyorka, which was later adapted for space launch.

Throughout the Cold War, Energia played a crucial role in the Soviet space program, designing and building numerous spacecraft including the Vostok, Voskhod, and Soyuz series. The company also developed the Salyut series of space stations and the Buran space shuttle.

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Energia faced significant financial challenges. However, the company continued to play a significant role in international space cooperation, particularly in the International Space Station (ISS) program. Energia is responsible for the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) of the ISS, including the Zarya, Zvezda, Poisk, Rassvet, and Nauka modules.

Currently, Energia is developing new spacecraft, including the Oryol (Eagle) crewed spacecraft, intended to replace the Soyuz. The company also continues to be involved in the development and production of rocket engines and other space-related technologies. Energia's products and services include crewed spaceflight, cargo transportation to space stations, satellite development, and launch services.