Diploicia

Diploicia is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. These lichens are characterized by their distinct morphology and chemistry, often growing on rocks, especially in coastal or maritime environments.

Diploicia species typically have a well-developed thallus, which can vary in color from whitish-gray to darker shades. The surface of the thallus may be smooth, granular, or areolate. A key identifying feature of Diploicia is the presence of apothecia (fruiting bodies) that are immersed or slightly raised above the thallus surface. These apothecia contain asci, which hold the spores responsible for reproduction.

Microscopically, Diploicia is characterized by its ascospores. These spores are polarilocular, meaning they consist of two cells (locules) connected by a narrow channel. The size, shape, and ornamentation of these spores are important characteristics used in species identification.

Chemically, Diploicia species contain various secondary metabolites, including parietin and other anthraquinones, which can contribute to the lichen's coloration and also serve as taxonomic markers. Spot tests using chemical reagents are often employed to identify these compounds.

The ecological role of Diploicia lichens is primarily as primary colonizers of rock surfaces. They contribute to the weathering of rocks and the formation of soil. Certain species are also used as bioindicators of air pollution, particularly in coastal regions.

The taxonomy of Diploicia has been subject to revision, with molecular phylogenetic studies contributing to a better understanding of species relationships within the genus and the Teloschistaceae family. Identification often requires a combination of morphological, chemical, and molecular data.