Decurion (Roman cavalry officer)

A Decurion was a junior officer in the Roman army, primarily commanding a turma, a cavalry troop. The turma typically consisted of 30-32 cavalrymen, representing a subdivision of a larger cavalry ala (wing) or cohors equitata (mixed infantry and cavalry cohort). Therefore, the Decurion's role was analogous to a modern-day lieutenant or junior captain.

The Decurion was responsible for the training, discipline, and overall combat readiness of his turma. He would lead them in battle, carrying out orders from higher-ranking officers such as the praefectus alae or tribunus. Decurions were often drawn from the ranks, promoted based on their experience, leadership abilities, and demonstrated bravery. However, some Decurions, particularly in auxiliary cavalry units, could be from local aristocratic families allied to Rome.

Beyond their military duties, Decurions also handled administrative tasks within their turma, such as managing equipment, supplies, and pay. They were also responsible for maintaining order and resolving disputes among their men. The position of Decurion was a significant stepping stone for aspiring officers and provided an opportunity to gain valuable leadership experience within the Roman army.