Colostrum

Colostrum is the first form of milk produced by the mammary glands of mammals, including humans, immediately following delivery of the newborn. It is a nutrient-rich fluid that precedes the production of mature milk. Colostrum is particularly high in immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, which provide passive immunity to the newborn by transferring the mother's immunity to various diseases.

Compared to mature milk, colostrum is typically lower in fat and carbohydrates but higher in protein, including growth factors and immune factors. It also contains minerals such as magnesium, and vitamins. The composition can vary slightly depending on the species and individual mother.

The primary function of colostrum is to provide vital immune protection to the newborn, whose immune system is still developing. The antibodies present in colostrum, particularly IgA, coat the digestive tract of the infant, preventing pathogens from entering the body and causing illness. Colostrum also aids in the expulsion of meconium, the first stool of the newborn, which helps to prevent jaundice. The growth factors within colostrum stimulate the development and maturation of the infant's digestive system.

Colostrum production typically lasts for a few days after birth, gradually transitioning into mature milk. The exact duration varies but often ranges from 2 to 5 days.

The importance of colostrum for newborn health is widely recognized and breastfeeding or providing expressed colostrum is generally recommended immediately after birth.