Coast Range (EPA ecoregion)
The Coast Range is a level III ecoregion designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It encompasses the mountainous regions that extend along the Pacific coast of North America, primarily in the states of Washington, Oregon, and California. This ecoregion is characterized by its rugged topography, influenced by both marine and mountainous processes.
Key features of the Coast Range ecoregion include:
- Climate: A maritime climate characterized by mild, wet winters and cool, dry summers. Precipitation is generally high, especially at higher elevations. Fog is also common, especially in coastal areas.
- Geology: The Coast Range is composed of relatively young, uplifted sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Active tectonics contribute to frequent earthquakes and landslides.
- Vegetation: Forests dominate the landscape, with a variety of coniferous species such as Douglas-fir, Sitka spruce, and redwood. The composition of the forests varies depending on elevation, aspect, and proximity to the coast. Understory vegetation includes a diverse array of shrubs, ferns, and herbaceous plants.
- Hydrology: Numerous rivers and streams originate in the Coast Range, draining westward into the Pacific Ocean. These waterways are important for salmon and other aquatic species.
- Land Use: Historically, the Coast Range has been heavily influenced by forestry. Other land uses include agriculture (particularly in valleys), recreation, and residential development.
- Subdivisions: The Coast Range ecoregion is further subdivided into Level IV ecoregions, which reflect more localized variations in climate, geology, and vegetation. These Level IV ecoregions provide a finer-scale understanding of the ecological diversity within the broader Coast Range.
The Coast Range ecoregion is a significant area for biodiversity and provides essential ecosystem services such as clean water and timber production. Its unique environmental characteristics make it an important area for conservation and sustainable resource management.