Cnemaspis

Cnemaspis is a genus of small geckos endemic to South Asia (primarily India and Sri Lanka) and Southeast Asia. They are commonly referred to as day geckos due to some species being active during the day, although this is not a universal trait within the genus.

Characteristics:

Cnemaspis geckos are typically small, ranging in size from 3 to 7 centimeters in snout-vent length. Their bodies are slender, and their tails are generally long and fragile, easily autotomized (dropped) as a defense mechanism. Their coloration varies widely depending on the species and habitat, often exhibiting patterns of brown, grey, black, yellow, and orange. Many species possess keeled scales and tubercles on their dorsal surfaces. Unlike many other gecko genera, Cnemaspis lack adhesive toe pads (lamellae) on their digits, restricting them to habitats with rough surfaces for climbing. This absence of lamellae distinguishes them from other geckos and is a key characteristic used for identification.

Habitat and Distribution:

Cnemaspis geckos occupy a variety of habitats, including tropical forests, rocky outcrops, and human-modified environments. Their distribution spans across the Indian subcontinent, including the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats of India, Sri Lanka, and parts of Southeast Asia. Their specific habitat preferences vary depending on the species, with some being highly specialized to particular microhabitats.

Ecology and Behavior:

Cnemaspis geckos are primarily insectivorous, feeding on small insects and other invertebrates. They are typically shy and secretive, often found hiding under rocks, bark, or leaf litter. Their activity patterns vary, with some species being diurnal (active during the day), others nocturnal (active at night), and some crepuscular (active during dawn and dusk). Reproduction typically involves laying one or two hard-shelled eggs at a time.

Taxonomy:

The taxonomy of Cnemaspis is complex and actively being revised. Numerous new species have been described in recent years, reflecting the high level of cryptic diversity within the genus. Phylogenetic studies using molecular data have helped to clarify the relationships between different species and populations.