CEACAM4

CEACAM4, or Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 4, is a protein encoded by the CEACAM4 gene in humans. It belongs to the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family, which is part of the immunoglobulin superfamily. CEACAM4 is primarily expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, specifically in the small intestine and colon.

Function:

CEACAM4 is thought to play a role in cell adhesion and intercellular interactions within the intestinal epithelium. It is believed to function as a receptor, potentially involved in signal transduction pathways or interactions with other cellular components. Unlike some other CEACAM family members, CEACAM4 lacks a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor and is secreted. Its secreted nature suggests a potential role in regulating the intestinal environment. Further research is needed to fully elucidate its precise biological function.

Clinical Significance:

The expression of CEACAM4 has been studied in relation to various gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer. While altered expression patterns have been observed in some studies, its definitive role as a diagnostic or prognostic marker requires further investigation. Its potential as a therapeutic target is also being explored.

Gene and Protein Structure:

The CEACAM4 gene is located on chromosome 19 in humans. The encoded protein consists of an extracellular domain containing immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane domain (although it is secreted and thus not membrane-bound), and a cytoplasmic tail. The protein undergoes post-translational modifications, including glycosylation.

Interactions:

While the precise interacting partners of CEACAM4 are not fully characterized, research suggests that it may interact with other members of the CEACAM family, as well as other proteins involved in cell adhesion and signaling.