Bow leg

Bow leg, also known as genu varum, is a physical deformity marked by outward bowing at the knee. This bowing creates a gap between the lower legs and feet when the ankles are together. The term describes the shape of the legs, resembling that of a bow.

Causes of bow legs can vary depending on age. In infants, bow legs are common and often resolve naturally as the child grows and begins to walk. This physiological bowing is usually due to the position of the fetus in the womb.

However, persistent or severe bow legs, especially in older children and adults, can be caused by several factors including:

• Blount's disease: A growth disorder that affects the growth plate in the tibia (shinbone).

• Rickets: A condition caused by vitamin D deficiency, which leads to softening and weakening of the bones.

• Bone tumors or infections: These can disrupt normal bone growth.

• Skeletal dysplasias: A group of disorders that affect the development of bones and cartilage.

• Fractures that heal improperly: Misaligned bone healing can contribute to bow legs.

Symptoms of bow legs include the visible bowing of the legs, difficulty walking or running, and pain in the hips, knees, or ankles. Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination and X-rays to assess the bone structure and alignment.

Treatment for bow legs depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. In many cases, particularly in infants, no treatment is necessary as the legs will straighten on their own. However, for more severe cases or those caused by underlying conditions, treatment options may include:

• Bracing: To help guide bone growth.

• Surgery: To correct bone alignment. This may involve osteotomy (cutting and reshaping the bone).

• Treatment of underlying conditions: Addressing conditions like rickets with vitamin D supplementation.

Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help prevent long-term complications associated with bow legs, such as arthritis and joint pain.