Boehm system (clarinet)

The Boehm system, as applied to the clarinet, is a key system designed to improve the instrument's intonation, playability, and technical facility. It is derived from the innovations of Theobald Boehm, who initially developed a similar system for the flute. While the clarinet system is not a direct copy of Boehm's flute system, it incorporates similar principles of using ring keys and strategically placed tone holes to achieve a more even and accurate scale.

The Boehm system clarinet typically features more keys and tone holes than earlier clarinet designs. The arrangement allows players to cover tone holes indirectly using keys and levers, which enables the placement of tone holes in acoustically optimal positions regardless of the natural reach of the fingers. This results in improved intonation across the instrument's range and facilitates faster and more complex passages.

The standard Boehm system clarinet typically has 17 keys and 6 rings, though variations exist with additional keys or alternative mechanisms. The system is ubiquitous amongst professional clarinetists and is considered the standard fingering system for modern clarinets worldwide. Prior to the adoption of the Boehm system, various Albert system clarinets and other simpler key arrangements were common. While those systems are still found in some musical traditions, the Boehm system's superior intonation and ease of technique have led to its widespread adoption in orchestral, band, and solo clarinet playing.