Benshi

A benshi (弁士) was a Japanese performer who provided live narration for silent films. The role of the benshi was far more than simply reading subtitles aloud. They were dynamic storytellers, often injecting their own interpretations, embellishments, and commentary into the film's narrative.

Typically positioned to the side of the screen, the benshi would use a combination of vocal techniques, including mimicking character voices, singing songs, and providing dramatic pronouncements to enhance the viewing experience. They would also explain the historical and cultural context of the film, offering insights that audiences might otherwise miss.

A skilled benshi could transform a foreign film into a culturally accessible and engaging experience for Japanese audiences. Their popularity was so significant that benshi often became celebrities in their own right, attracting audiences based on their individual performance style and reputation.

The benshi tradition began in the late 1890s with the introduction of film to Japan and continued well into the sound era. Even after sound films became prevalent, many cinemas continued to employ benshi to provide commentary and enhance the experience, particularly for foreign films or those deemed complex.

The decline of the benshi coincided with the widespread adoption of sound film technology and the increasing sophistication of cinematic storytelling. However, the benshi tradition remains an important part of Japanese film history and is occasionally revived in contemporary performances.