Basketball (ball)

Basketball is a spherical ball used in the sport of the same name. Typically, basketballs range in size from very small promotional items only a few inches in diameter to regulation-size balls used in professional play. Regulation basketballs for men's games have a circumference of 29.5 inches (75 cm) and weigh 22 ounces (620 g), while those for women's games are slightly smaller, with a circumference of 28.5 inches (72 cm) and the same weight.

The ball is typically made of an inflatable inner bladder, usually rubber, wrapped in layers of fabric and covered with a durable outer surface of leather, rubber, or a composite material. The outer surface is segmented by indented grooves, often black, that provide grip for the player. These grooves are strategically designed to allow players to maintain control of the ball during dribbling, passing, and shooting.

Key properties of a basketball include its bounce (related to inflation and material elasticity), grip, and durability. The amount of air pressure inside the ball significantly affects its bounce and playability. The texture and materials of the outer surface determine its grip, influencing the player's ability to handle the ball securely. Durability ensures the ball can withstand repeated use and abrasion on indoor and outdoor surfaces. Over time, basketball construction has evolved, with advancements in materials and manufacturing processes contributing to improved performance and longevity.