Anguilla

Anguilla is a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean, one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles. It lies east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin.

Geography: Anguilla comprises the main island of Anguilla itself, approximately 16 miles (26 km) long and 3 miles (5 km) wide at its widest point, together with a number of much smaller islands and cays with no permanent population. These include Scrub Island, Dog Island, Prickly Pear Cays, Sandy Island, and Sombrero Island (also known as Hat Island). The territory is generally flat and low-lying, consisting of limestone and coral. Its highest point is Crocus Hill at 213 feet (65 meters).

History: The island was first inhabited by Amerindian peoples who migrated from South America. Archaeological evidence suggests a presence dating back to around 1300 BC. The island's name is believed to be derived from the Spanish word for "eel" (anguila) or possibly from an indigenous Arawak word. European colonization began in 1650 when settlers from Saint Kitts began arriving. For a time, Anguilla was administered by Britain through Saint Kitts, a situation that caused considerable discontent among Anguillians. In 1967, following a period of unrest, Anguilla unilaterally declared independence. After a brief period of autonomy, British rule was restored in 1969. Anguilla became a self-governing British Overseas Territory in 1980.

Government and Politics: Anguilla is a parliamentary representative democratic dependency. The head of state is the British monarch, represented by a Governor. The Governor is appointed by the monarch. The Chief Minister is the head of government, appointed from among the elected members of the House of Assembly. The House of Assembly is a unicameral legislature.

Economy: Tourism is the main pillar of Anguilla's economy. The island is known for its pristine beaches, luxury resorts, and upscale dining. Offshore banking and financial services also contribute significantly to the economy. Lobster fishing is also an important local industry.

Demographics: The majority of Anguilla's population is of African descent. English is the official language. A significant portion of the population resides in The Valley, the capital city.

Culture: Anguillan culture is influenced by its African heritage and its history as a British colony. Music, dance, and storytelling are important aspects of the island's cultural life. Cuisine features seafood and Caribbean spices.

Key Facts:

• Capital: The Valley
• Official Language: English
• Currency: East Caribbean Dollar (XCD)
• Area: 35 square miles (91 square kilometers)