Alcmaon

Alcmaon (also spelled Alcmaeon or Alkmaion) was a name associated with multiple figures in Greek mythology and history, the most prominent being:

• Alcmaon, Son of Amphiaraus: In Greek mythology, Alcmaon was the son of the seer Amphiaraus and Eriphyle. Amphiaraus, knowing he would die if he participated in the expedition against Thebes (the "Seven Against Thebes"), initially refused. However, Eriphyle was bribed by Polynices with the necklace of Harmonia to persuade Amphiaraus to join. Before departing, Amphiaraus made Alcmaon swear to avenge his death by killing Eriphyle. After the failed Theban expedition and Amphiaraus's death, Alcmaon fulfilled his oath, killing his mother. He was then driven mad by the Erinyes (Furies) for matricide. He wandered Greece, seeking purification and a place to settle. He eventually found refuge with King Phegeus of Psophis. Alcmaon married Phegeus's daughter, Arsinoe (or Alphesiboea), and gave her the necklace of Harmonia. However, the land became barren due to Alcmaon's presence. He was advised by an oracle to settle where the sun had not shone at the time he killed his mother. He found this place at the mouth of the river Achelous, which had recently been formed as an island. There, he married Callirrhoe, daughter of Achelous. Callirrhoe desired the necklace and robe of Harmonia, so Alcmaon tricked Phegeus into retrieving them. Phegeus discovered Alcmaon's deception and had him ambushed and killed by his sons.

• Other Figures: While the son of Amphiaraus is the most well-known, other individuals named Alcmaon appear in lesser-known mythological accounts or genealogical tables. These figures are less extensively documented and generally play minor roles.

The story of Alcmaon, son of Amphiaraus, is often referenced in discussions of oaths, revenge, matricide, and the consequences of divine retribution in Greek mythology.