Abu Talib

Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib (c. 539 – 619 CE) was the leader of the Banu Hashim clan, one of the most powerful clans of Mecca, and the uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He is revered in Islam as a protector and supporter of Muhammad during the early years of his prophetic mission.

Abu Talib raised Muhammad from the age of eight, after the death of Muhammad's grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib. He acted as Muhammad's guardian and protector, both personally and politically, shielding him from persecution and threats from the Quraysh tribe, who initially opposed Muhammad's teachings.

Although Abu Talib never publicly converted to Islam, he is widely considered by Shia Muslims to have been a secret believer. Sunni Muslims generally believe he died as a non-Muslim, though they acknowledge his significant support for Muhammad. Evidence cited in Shia Islam for his faith includes verses of poetry attributed to him that express belief in the prophethood of Muhammad and the truth of his message. Sunni scholars often interpret these verses differently, or question their authenticity.

His social standing and influence within the Quraysh tribe were instrumental in allowing Muhammad to preach Islam for many years in Mecca. The year of his death, 619 CE, is known as the 'Year of Sorrow' ('Ām al-Ḥuzn) for Muhammad, as it also saw the death of Muhammad's wife, Khadija. The loss of these two influential figures left Muhammad vulnerable and contributed to his decision to migrate to Medina in 622 CE.